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Unit Pack 3 · all students

Modals 1

Original EREKA lessons. Read first, then answer. On a phone use the ☰ menu.

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U13
Can and could
ability and requests

Formal explanation

Can shows present ability. Could shows past ability or a polite request. After both, use the base verb.

I can speak English. Could you repeat that? I could swim as a child.
  • Not: can to speak.
EREKA examples
Can you sit in front? I could not hear the track.

1. She ______ speak two languages.

2. ______ you help me?

3. He ______ run fast when he was young.

4. Choose the correct sentence.

5. Yesterday I ______ finish the page.

U14
Must and cannot for certainty
sure / sure not

Formal explanation

Must can mean we are sure it is true. Cannot can mean we are sure it is not true.

The lights are on. Somebody must be inside. Ali is in Lahore. That cannot be Ali.
  • Must = sure yes. Cannot = sure no.
EREKA examples
That cannot be Room B. The sign says Beginner.

1. Sara is in class. That ______ be her in the market.

2. He is carrying six books. He ______ be a student.

3. Choose sure-no.

4. No bags here. They ______ have gone.

5. The portal is open. Students ______ be able to log in.

U15
Have to
outside rules

Formal explanation

Have to shows a rule or situation makes the action necessary. Do not have to means it is optional. Must not means it is banned.

Students have to bring a notebook. You do not have to wear a tie. You must not use a phone in the test.
  • have to = necessary
  • do not have to = optional
  • must not = banned
EREKA examples
You have to reach PECHS before nine.

1. Students ______ bring ID.

2. She ______ start at seven.

3. Water is free. You ______ buy tea.

4. You ______ talk in the test.

5. Choose a rule.

U16
Must not or do not have to
banned vs optional

Formal explanation

Must not is a red light. Do not have to is a free choice. Students mix these two every week.

You must not open another tab. You do not have to play the extra game.
  • Banned versus optional.
EREKA examples
You must not share your password.

1. You ______ photograph the paper.

2. The game is extra. You ______ play it.

3. Staff door. Students ______ enter.

4. Homework is extra tonight. You ______ do it.

5. Correct pair:

U17
Should
advice

Formal explanation

Should gives advice. It is weaker than must. After should use the base verb.

You should revise irregular verbs. You should not sleep in class. Should I join Beginner?
  • Advice, not a law.
EREKA examples
You should open Chrome for sound.

1. You ______ read the rule first.

2. He ______ use an in-app browser.

3. ______ I start Pack 4 today?

4. Choose advice.

5. The class ______ start at nine.

U18
May and might
not sure

Formal explanation

May and might show possibility. The speaker is not sure. Use the base verb after them.

It may rain. Ali might be late. I may not join Saturday.
  • Not sure = may / might.
EREKA examples
The portal might be slow on weak internet.

1. Fatima ______ come. I am not sure.

2. It ______ rain, so take an umbrella.

3. Choose the uncertain sentence.

4. I ______ finish tonight. Maybe.

5. After may we use

Games

Pairs 0 / 6

Detective: press Start

Fix the sentence

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